Veterinary Nutrition for Professionals

Dog wearing a bandana eating from a bowl

Pet Nutrition for General Veterinary Practice

Below are the cited and recommended sources from Dr. Katy Miller’s talk titled “Pet Nutrition for General Veterinary Practice” given as part of the Dove Lewis Third Thursday program.

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Veterinary Nutrition Resources

Nutritional Evaluations of Pet Food from Manufacturers (Typical Nutrient Analysis Available Online)

Ultra processed Foods: Petcurean, Instinct, Nurisource, Nulo, Square Pet
Minimally Processed: Kiwi Kitchens, Ziwi Peak, K9/Feline Natural, The Honest Kitchen
Cold Processed: Instinct (all formulas use HPP); Primal Pet Foods (HPP for salmonella-risk products)

WSAVA

WSAVA Guidelines: www.wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Selecting-a-pet-food-for-your-pet-updated-2021_WSAVA-Global-Nutrition-Toolkit.pdf
WSAVA Guidelines Response: www.petnutritionalliance.org/chart/index.php/manufacturer-report

Nutrition Tool Kits

WSAVA Nutrition Toolkit: https://wsava.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/WSAVA-Global-Nutrition-Toolkit-English.pdf
AAHA Nutrition Guide: https://www.aaha.org/aaha-guidelines/2021-aaha-nutrition-and-weight-management-guidelines/home
Pet Nutrition Alliance: https://www.petnutritionalliance.org/

Suggested Sources of Essential Veterinary Nutrition Information

Academy of Veterinary Nutrition Technicians: http://nutritiontechs.org
American Academy of Veterinary Nutrition: www.aavnutrition.org/
American Society of Clinical Nutrition: www.nutrition.org/
American Society for Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition: www.nutritioncare.org/
Association of American Feed Control Officials: www.aafco.org/
FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition: www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofFoods/CFSAN/& www.fda.gov/Food/default.htm
FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine: www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/
FDA Recall List: www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/RecallsWithdrawals/default.htm
Nutrition Advisory Group to the American Zoo and Aquarium Association: nagonline.net/
Pet Food Institute: www.petfoodinstitute.org/
Pet Food Institute Consumer Information: www.petfoodinstitute.org/?s=consumer+guide
Pet Nutrition Certifications (North American Veterinary Community): navc.com/certifications/
Small Animal Clinical Nutrition, 6th edition
USDA Food and Nutrition Information Center: https://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic
Waltham Petcare: www.waltham.com/science/pet-nutrition-weight

Pet Nutrition for General Veterinary Practice Cited Sources

Kirk, C., Young, L. Veterinary Nutrition Education Today – US perspective in 2022. In: Proceedings from the 22^nd Annual AAVN clinical Nutrition & Research, 2022; Austin, Texas.
Kerwin, Nicole. Packaged Facts Research Reveals Growing Trends in Pet Nutrition. Pet Food Processing, 29 Mar. 2022, petfoodprocessing.net/articles/15665-packaged-facts-research-reveals-growing-trends-in-pet-nutrition.
Boyce EN, Logan EI. Oral health assessment in dogs: study design and results. J Vet Dent. 1994 Aug;11(2):64-70. PMID: 9693615.
Association of Pet Obesity Prevention. Pet Obesity survey results 2018. www.petobesityprevention.org/2018/#PetFoodSurvey.
Rumbeiha W, Morrison J. A review of class I and class II pet food recalls involving chemical contaminants from 1996 to 2008. J Med Toxicol. 2011 Mar;7(1):60-6. doi: 10.1007/s13181-010-0123-5. PMID: 21125435; PMCID: PMC3614097.
Entis, Phyllis. “Evanger’s Blames Supplier, FDA, for Pentobarbital in Dog Food.” Food Safety News, 22 Feb. 2017, https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2017/02/evangers-blames-supplier-fda-for-pentobarbital-in-dog-food/.
Entis, Phyllis. “Party Animal Inc. Sues Evanger’s Because of Drug in Dog Food.” Food Safety News, 16 June 2017, foodsafetynews.com/2017/06/party-animal-inc-sues-evangers-because-of-drug-in-dog-food/.
“Gravy Train®, Kibbles ‘N BITS®, Ol’ Roy®, and Skippy® Canned Wet Dog Food Product Update.” The J. M. Smucker Company, jmsmucker.com/news-stories/news/22477.
“Natural Life Pet Products Expands Dry Dog Food Recall.” PetfoodIndustrycom RSS, PetfoodIndustry.com, 14 Nov. 2018, petfoodindustry.com/articles/7639-natural-life-pet-products-expands-dry-dog-food-recall.
“Nutrisca Recalls Dry Dog Food for Elevated Vitamin D.” PetfoodIndustrycom RSS, PetfoodIndustry.com, 6 Nov. 2018, petfoodindustry.com/articles/7618-nutrisca-recalls-dry-dog-food-for-elevated-vitamin-d.
Staff, AKC. “FDA Warns Midwestern Pet Foods after 130+ Dogs Die.” American Kennel Club, American Kennel Club, 20 Aug. 2021, akc.org/expert-advice/news/fda-recalls-dog-food-fatal-aflatoxin-levels-70-dogs-die/.
Mars, Inc. “Pet Humanization,” 2021
Schleicher M, Cash SB, Freeman LM. Determinants of pet food purchasing decisions. Can Vet J. 2019;60(6):644-650.
Boya UO, Dotson MJ, Hyatt EM. A comparison of dog food choice criteria across dog owner segments: An exploratory study. Int J Consum Stud. 2015;39:74–82.
Simonsen JE, Fasenko GM, Lillywhite JM. The value-added dog food market: Do dog owners prefer natural or organic dog foods? J Ag Sci. 2014;6:86–97.
Schleicher M, Cash SB, Freeman LM. Determinants of pet food purchasing decisions. Can Vet J. 2019 Jun;60(6):644-650. PMID: 31156266; PMCID: PMC6515811.
Medicine, Center for Veterinary. “Pet Food Labels.” S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/animal-health-literacy/pet-food-labels-general.
“What’s the Environmental Impact of Pet Food?” WWF, World Wildlife Fund, worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/spring-2016/articles/what-s-the-environmental-impact-of-pet-food.
Phillips-Donaldson, Debbie. “Do Pet Food Consumers Still Care about Sustainability?” PetfoodIndustrycom RSS, PetfoodIndustry.com, 24 June 2020, petfoodindustry.com/blogs/7-adventures-in-pet-food/post/9260-do-pet-food-consumers-still-care-about-sustainability.
“Consumers Seeking Sustainability in Food-Pet Food, Too.” Consumers Seeking Sustainability in Food-Pet Food, Too | GlobalPETS, Global Pet Industry, globalpetindustry.com/article/consumers-seeking-sustainability-food-pet-food-too.
Semple, Jennifer. “State of the US Pet Food and Treat Industry, 2021.” Pet Food Processing RSS, Pet Food Processing, 2 Dec. 2021, petfoodprocessing.net/articles/15310-state-of-the-us-pet-food-and-treat-industry-2021.
“Current National Research Council (NRC) Reports.” Current National Research Council (NRC) Reports | National Animal Nutrition Program, 2016, animalnutrition.org/nrc_reports.
“Aafco Pet Food Labeling.” VIN, veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspx?pid=19239&id=8808771.
Jassem G. Mahdi, Medicinal potential of willow: A chemical perspective of aspirin discovery, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, Volume 14, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 317-322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2010.04.010.
“Willow Bark or Aspirin? – an Herbal Pain Reliever.” Healthy Hildegard, 12 June 2019, www.healthyhildegard.com/willow-bark/.
“Whole Grains.” The Nutrition Source, 4 Nov. 2019, hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/what-should-you-eat/whole-grains/.
“Beta Carotene (Oral Route) Precautions.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1 Feb. 2022, mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/beta-carotene-oral-route/precautions/drg-20066795.
Dodds, W. Jean, and Diana Laverdure-Dunetz. Canine Nutrigenomics: The New Science of Feeding Your Dog for Optimum Health. Dogwise Publishing, 2015.
Illustrates the Concept of Nutrigenomics as the Effects of the Balance … researchgate.net/figure/Illustrates-the-concept-of-Nutrigenomics-as-the-effects-of-the-balance-of-nutrients-on_fig1_292944164.
“Microbiome Fundamentals.” Purina Institute, purinainstitute.com/microbiome-forum/microbiome-fundamentals.
“Microbiome Forum.” Purina Institute, purinainstitute.com/microbiome-forum.
Algya KM, Cross TL, Leuck KN, Kastner ME, Baba T, Lye L, de Godoy MRC, Swanson KS. Apparent total-tract macronutrient digestibility, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and fecal characteristics, metabolites and microbiota of adult dogs fed extruded, mildly cooked, and raw diets1. J Anim Sci. 2018 Sep 7;96(9):3670-3683. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky235. PMID: 29893876; PMCID: PMC6127788.
Kerr KR, Vester Boler BM, Morris CL, Liu KJ, Swanson KS. Apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations of domestic cats fed extruded, raw beef-based, and cooked beef-based diets. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):515-22. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3266. Epub 2011 Oct 14. PMID: 22003235.
Yamka, Ryan. “WSAVA Pet Food Recommendations: Useful or Useless?” PetfoodIndustrycom RSS, PetfoodIndustry.com, 7 June 2021, petfoodindustry.com/blogs/10-debunking-pet-food-myths-and-misconceptions/post/9654-wsava-pet-food-recommendations-useful-or-useless.
Dunn, Louise S. “6 Companies Sold 43% of Pet Food in 2018.” Today’s Veterinary Business, 9 Mar. 2022, todaysveterinarybusiness.com/6-companies-sold-43-of-pet-food-in-2018/.
“Global Nutrition Guidelines.” WSAVA, wsava.org/Global-Guidelines/Global-Nutrition-Guidelines/.
Kirk, C., Young, L. Veterinary Nutrition Education Today – US perspective in 2022. In: Proceedings from the 22^nd Annual AAVN clinical Nutrition & Research, 2022; Austin, Texas.
Carr, Kristen. “Artificial Food Dyes and Pet Food.” Well Minded Pets, Well Minded Pets, 25 Nov. 2013, wellmindedpets.com/blog/2013/11/25/the-dangers-of-artificial-dyes-in-pet-food.
Scheibel, Suellen & Ceballos, Maria & Costa, Mateus. (2020). Does ponceau red artificial dye influence dog behavior?.
Javma News – Are We in a Veterinary Workforce Crisis? – Arizona …org/news/577248/JAVMA-News—Are-we-in-a-veterinary-workforce-crisis.htm.
“Unwrapping the Trends behind 2019’s New Foods and Beverages: Kerry.” Kerry Group – Taste & Nutrition Ingredients and Science, kerry.com/insights/kerrydigest/2019/unwrapping-the-trends-behind-2019s-new-foods-and-beverages.html.
“Freeze Dried Blueberry Powder.” gaultsdeli.co.nz/product/freeze-dried-blueberry-powder-200g/
“Organic Blueberry Powder.” 21 Food, 21food.com/products/organic-blueberry-powder-2220307.html.
Boyce EN, Logan EI. Oral health assessment in dogs: study design and results. J Vet Dent. 1994 Aug;11(2):64-70. PMID: 9693615.
Harvey CE, Shofer FS, Laster L. Correlation of diet, other chewing activities and periodontal disease in North American client-owned dogs. J Vet Dent. 1996 Sep;13(3):101-5. PMID: 9520786.
Logan E I, Wiggs R B, Schert D and Cleland P (2010). Periodontal disease. In Hand M S, 6 / 8 Thatcher C D, Remillard R L, Roudebush P and Novotny B J (eds), Small Animal Clinical Nutrition (5th edn), Mark Morris Institute, Topeka, Kansas, US: 989-1,001.
Kim Y, Keogh JB, Deo P, Clifton PM. Differential Effects of Dietary Patterns on Advanced Glycation end Products: A Randomized Crossover Study. Nutrients. 2020 Jun 12;12(6):1767. doi: 10.3390/nu12061767. PMID: 32545555; PMCID: PMC7353357.
Wautier MP, Tessier FJ, Wautier JL. Les produits de glycation avancée : un risque pour la santé humaine [Advanced glycation end products: A risk factor for human health]. Ann Pharm Fr. 2014 Nov;72(6):400-8. French. doi: 10.1016/j.pharma.2014.05.002. Epub 2014 Jun 18. PMID: 25438650.
Prasad, Chandan et al. “Advanced Glycation End Products and Risks for Chronic Diseases: Intervening Through Lifestyle Modification.” American journal of lifestyle medicine 13,4 384-404. 15 May. 2017, doi:10.1177/1559827617708991
Palaseweenun, Pornsucha & Hagen‐Plantinga, Esther & Schonewille, Jan & Koop, Gerrit & Butré, Claire & Jonathan, Melliana & Wierenga, Peter & Hendriks, Wouter. (2020). Urinary excretion of advanced glycation end products in dogs and cats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 105. 10.1111/jpn.13347.
Hamper BA, Kirk CA, Bartges JW. Apparent nutrient digestibility of two raw diets in domestic kittens. J Feline Med Surg. 2016 Dec;18(12):991-996. doi: 10.1177/1098612X15605535. Epub 2015 Sep 23. PMID: 26400072.
Algya KM, Cross TL, Leuck KN, Kastner ME, Baba T, Lye L, de Godoy MRC, Swanson KS. Apparent total-tract macronutrient digestibility, serum chemistry, urinalysis, and fecal characteristics, metabolites and microbiota of adult dogs fed extruded, mildly cooked, and raw diets1. J Anim Sci. 2018 Sep 7;96(9):3670-3683. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky235. PMID: 29893876; PMCID: PMC6127788.
Kerr KR, Vester Boler BM, Morris CL, Liu KJ, Swanson KS. Apparent total tract energy and macronutrient digestibility and fecal fermentative end-product concentrations of domestic cats fed extruded, raw beef-based, and cooked beef-based diets. J Anim Sci. 2012 Feb;90(2):515-22. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3266. Epub 2011 Oct 14. PMID: 22003235.
BENEO Consumer Research on Attitudes towards Pet Food (Online survey) conducted in local language by Wizer for USA n=510 / Brazil n=515 / UK n=505 / Germany n=514 / China n=512. Field work conducted in July 2021
Schleicher M, Cash SB, Freeman LM. Determinants of pet food purchasing decisions. Can Vet J. 2019;60(6):644-650.
Boya UO, Dotson MJ, Hyatt EM. A comparison of dog food choice criteria across dog owner segments: An exploratory study. Int J Consum Stud. 2015;39:74–82.
Phillips-Donaldson, Debbie. “Will Zero Tolerance for Salmonella in Pet Food Ever Change?” PetfoodIndustrycom RSS, PetfoodIndustry.com, 7 May 2021, petfoodindustry.com/blogs/7-adventures-in-pet-food/post/10244-will-zero-tolerance-for-salmonella-in-pet-food-ever-change.
Flynn, Dan. “National Chicken Council Objects to USDA Plan to Name Salmonella as Adulterant in Some Chicken Products.” Food Safety News, 8 Aug. 2022, foodsafetynews.com/2022/08/national-chicken-council-objects-to-usda-plan-to-name-salmonella-as-adulterant-in-some-chicken-products/
Parker, Liz. “Advances in Food Safety Technology, Including High Pressure Processing (HPP) and Pasteurization.” Food Safety RSS, Food Safety, 9 Sept. 2020, food-safety.com/articles/1583-advances-in-food-safety-technology-including-high-pressure-processing-hpp-and-pasteurization.
Rowlands, Richard. “HPP: High Pressure Perks and Opportunities for Pet Food.” Pet Food Processing RSS, Pet Food Processing, 10 June 2021, petfoodprocessing.net/articles/14793-hpp-high-pressure-perks-and-opportunities-for-pet-food.
Wei S, Chelliah R, Rubab M, Oh DH, Uddin MJ, Ahn J. Bacteriophages as Potential Tools for Detection and Control of Salmonella in Food Systems. Microorganisms. 2019 Nov 17;7(11):570. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7110570. PMID: 31744260; PMCID: PMC6920764.
Klein, Ned. “What Is a ‘Kill Step’ in Food Safety?” FDA Reader, FDA Reader, 26 Nov. 2020, fdareader.com/blog/2017/07/25/on-the-kill-step-and-leftovers.
“Does Freezing Destroy Parasites?” ASKUSDA, ask.usda.gov/s/article/Does-freezing-destroy-parasites.
Hofve, DVM, Jean. “Rotating Dog Food: Why Dogs Need Variety.” Dogs Naturally, 12 Feb. 2022, dogsnaturallymagazine.com/rotating-dog-food/.
Hemida, Manal B., et al. “Puppyhood Diet as a Factor in the Development of Owner‐Reported Allergy/Atopy Skin Signs in Adult Dogs in Finland.” Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, vol. 35, no. 5, 2021, pp. 2374–2383., doi:10.1111/jvim.16211.
Mud Bay Internal Training. ”Pet Food Processing,” 2020
Markwell PJ, Buffington CT, Smith BH. The effect of diet on lower urinary tract diseases in cats. J Nutr. 1998 Dec;128(12 Suppl):2753S-2757S. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.12.2753S. PMID: 9868257.
Greene JP, Lefebvre SL, Wang M, Yang M, Lund EM, Polzin DJ. Risk factors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in cats evaluated at primary care veterinary hospitals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014 Feb 1;244(3):320-7. doi: 10.2460/javma.244.3.320. PMID: 24432964.
Rowe E, Browne W, Casey R, Gruffydd-Jones T, Murray J. Risk factors identified for owner-reported feline obesity at around one year of age: Dry diet and indoor lifestyle. Prev Vet Med. 2015 Oct 1;121(3-4):273-81. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.07.011. Epub 2015 Jul 31. PMID: 26265631.
Sallander, Marie H et al. “Prevalence and risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus in Swedish cats.” Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 54 (2012): 61 – 61.
Buckley CM, Hawthorne A, Colyer A, Stevenson AE. Effect of dietary water intake on urinary output, specific gravity and relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and struvite in the cat. Br J Nutr. 2011 Oct;106 Suppl 1:S128-30. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511001875. PMID: 22005408.
“The Effect of Feeding Inversely Proportional Amounts of Dry versus Canned Food on Water Consumption, Hydration and Urinary Parameters in Cats – WSAVA 2014 Congress – Vin.” Powered By VIN, vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?id=7054968&pid=12886.
McMurray, David N. “Protein in Life Stage Nutrition-Effect of Moderate Protein Deficiency on Immune Function.” Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian 21.11 (1999): 21-24.
Laflamme DP. Nutrition for Aging Cats and Dogs and the Importance of Body Condition, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice Volume 35, Issue 3 2005 Pages 713-742 ISSN 0195-5616 21.doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.12.011
Laflamme DP. Nutritional Care for Aging Cats and Dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice Volume 42, Issue 4 2012 Pages 769-791. ISSN 0195-5616.
“Animal Nutrition: Excess Phosphorus Damages the Kidney.” ScienceDaily, ScienceDaily, 21 Mar. 2018, sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/03/180321174242.htm.
Cupp, C. J., Kerr, W.W., Jean-Philippe, C., Patil, A. R., & Perez-Camargo, G. (2008). The role of nutritional interventions in the longevity and maintenance of long-term health in aging cats. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 6(2), 69-81.
Cupp, C. J., & Kerr, W.W. (2010). Effect of diet and body composition on life span in aging cats. (2010). Nestlé Purina Companion Animal Nutrition Summit (36-42). Florida, USA.
Kealy, R. D. (1999). Factors Influencing Lean Body Mass in Aging Dogs. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 2(11K), 34-37.
Laflamme DP. Nutritional Care for Aging Cats and Dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice Volume 42, Issue 4 2012 Pages 769-791. ISSN 0195-5616.
Kealy RD, Lawler DF, Ballam JM, Mantz SL, Biery DN, Greeley EH, Lust G, Segre M, Smith GK, Stowe HD. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002 May 1;220(9):1315-20. doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1315. PMID: 11991408.
Sohal RS, Forster MJ. Caloric restriction and the aging process: a critique. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014 Aug;73:366-82. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.05.015. Epub 2014 Jun 2. PMID: 24941891; PMCID: PMC4111977.
Smith GK, Paster ER, Powers MY, Lawler DF, Biery DN, Shofer FS, McKelvie PJ, Kealy RD. Lifelong diet restriction and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip joint in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006 Sep 1;229(5):690-3. doi: 10.2460/javma.229.5.690. PMID: 16948575.