How to Fight Fleas and Address Flea Allergy Dermatitis

Getting (and Keeping) the Upper Hand on FAD

Healthy Dogs |  September 20, 2022

Learn More About Eliminating Fleas

For more information about cats and fleas, click here.

For more information about dogs and fleas, click here.

Anyone who has pets knows what a scourge fleas can be—they’re easy to get, hard to eliminate once entrenched and can make life miserable for afflicted animals and their owners. Today, we’re going to focus in on one particularly pernicious side-effect of flea bites: Flea Dermatitis.

Flea allergy dermatitis (or flea dermatitis or FAD) is a disease which causes a hypersensitive reaction in a host animal after being bitten by a flea. A protein in the flea’s saliva that is injected during the bite is what actually causes flea allergy dermatitis. An animal (or person) who has become sensitized can experience symptoms all over their body—even parts that have had no contact with fleas—after just one bite. This sensitivity can also remain for weeks, long after the original flea contact has passed, and become instantly active again following another exposure.

Symptoms of flea allergy dermatitis include redness, swelling and itching, both at the site of the bite as well as all over the skin, sometimes with a distinct focus along the back and at the base of the tail. A pet’s scratching and chewing because of itchiness may lead to hair loss, skin abrasions, scabbing, and hot spots.

The key to beating flea allergy dermatitis is as simple sounding as eliminating any contact with fleas. In reality, that can be a complex issue. Two ways to consider a plan are: first, protecting the animal from fleas that may be encountered outside; and secondly, making your home a “safe zone” from any type of flea presence.

Personal Protection for Your Pet

For pets who go outdoors—especially in warmer months—some type of flea prevention or repellent may be a necessary step. Mud Bay offers several options of topical preventatives and repellents, consisting of natural products as well as those containing chemical pesticides. When considering what solution would work best for you and your pet, it is ideal to consult with your vet, as different animals have different needs. As a general rule, natural remedies will need to be reapplied with greater frequency, which could be a consideration, especially when camping, hiking or engaging in other outdoor activities.

A very important thing to keep in mind is making certain that whatever treatment solution you select is appropriate for your dog or cat. There are some treatments for dogs that are extremely toxic to cats, so make sure you read the label carefully to be certain what you are using is safe for your animal.

Creating a Safe Zone in Your Home

With flea allergy dermatitis, even one flea bite can trigger a lingering response, so the ultimate goal is zero opportunities for your pet to have any flea contact. Making your home a “Safe Zone” from fleas is paramount in protecting your pet.

Start with brushing and grooming your pet, and checking for any fleas or flea dirt (or “frass”). Frass is the small red or black specks that look like pepper flakes or dark dandruff. If you see either frass or fleas, then you know that you still have work to do to eliminate the flea problem. It is important to continue regular grooming until your dog or cat is completely free from these signs of fleas.

Then, it’s time to look around the house and see where your pet likes to hang out. Beds (human and otherwise), couches, favorite chairs and those special places where your pet likes to jump up or lay down are all candidates for flea activity. First, wash any fabrics or linens and vacuum areas clean. Then, apply a flea repellent of your choice.

Because fleas have several life stages—eggs, larvae, adults—you will need to be vigilant, especially if they have established a foothold in your house. Failing to eliminate all of the flea life stages and break the cycle will mean that the fleas will reappear. Groom, clean, apply repellent and repeat. It may take several weeks or even months before the flea issue is completely resolved.

A vitally important thing to consider is if you have a multi-pet home that whatever treatment type you select is safe and appropriate for all of your animals. We discussed before how some dog treatments can be toxic to cats, and, similarly, some pets may have different conditions that make a treatment that works well for one animal inappropriate for another resident.

With a little forethought, effort and patience, you can help your pet avoid the scourge of flea allergy dermatitis —and keep your home flea-free. As always, it is important to work with your veterinarian, both consulting on what products to use in your home and on your pet, and also if your pet is showing any signs of distress from flea bites or flea allergy dermatitis.

 

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